Explain the origins of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war Essay

Explain the origins of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war - Essay Example The Crusades soon followed. After the Crusades, again the area came under the Egyptians and Ottomans. This was followed by the emigration of the Arabs and Jews. There were some Jews still living there back then, but they were mostly treated as second class citizens. The Turkish Empire did bring some reorganization. There was immigration of both Arabs and Jews and by 1880; about 24000 Jews were living there. However, various Muslims from other parts of the world especially Ottoman Empire began to come into Palestine. In a way, during the 19th century, the area was mostly occupied by Muslims with Jews as the areas biggest minority. (Mideastweb.org) However, during these times of misadministration, there were some antagonist feelings that were developing. Originally, the term Zionism is the biblical word â€Å"Zion†, and it is synonymous to Jerusalem and Israel. However the ideology is the yearning for the Home Land for the Jews according to Neuberger (1999). Even when the Jews had been forced into exile, these Jews kept returning to the Holy Land. Various sources state that Palestine remained the center of Jewish worship and a part of the Jewish culture. However, the truth about Zionism is that it is not a religious movement, but more of a nationalist movement. The actual Zionist movement did start in the 19th century. The French revolution had led to the emancipation of European Jews. The more abstract idea of divine providence to the recapture of the Holy Land was refuted by Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer who said human endeavor was required to colonize the Holy Land for the Jews as stated by Brenner (2002). Kalischer als o recounted the events of the Europeans which had led to their freedom, and he urged the Jews to follow that example. In a way, the brutal treatment of the Jews by almost every European nation led to the feelings of Zion. Zionist socialism was organized by Moses Hess

Leadership Practice in Health and Social Care Essay

Leadership Practice in Health and Social Care - Essay Example From this study it is clear that skills theory is also another leadership theory. This theory highlights the fact that acquired skills are significant elements in securing effective leadership. It is the opposite of traits theory as it argues that more than inherited traits, acquired skills have a greater role in ensuring effective leadership. This type of leadership is favourable as it supports the notion that most anyone can become a leader.   Where the trait theory emphasizes on the fact that leadership is inheritable, the skills theory points out that individuals can work hard towards the establishment of skills needed in order to be good leaders. In health care leadership, skills are often learned in the practice. Practitioners have to undergo significant skills training in order to be good leaders. They are not born knowing the applications in the health practice.  As the report stresses  issues with this leadership theory come from the fact that there is a vague line bet ween trait and skills theory. The establishment of various skills are based on personal traits. For instance, social judgment and human skills are easier to establish for individuals who are naturally extroverts. Moreover, general knowledge and the power to secure skills are based on one’s biological traits.  The skills mode also does not provide explanations on why and how these skills impact on leadership. Instead, this theory highlights more the importance of identifying skills which are essential for leadership.... This theory highlights the fact that acquired skills are significant elements in securing effective leadership. It is the opposite of traits theory as it argues that more than inherited traits, acquired skills have a greater role in ensuring effective leadership (Marquis and Huston, 2008). This type of leadership is favourable as it supports the notion that most anyone can become a leader. Where the trait theory emphasizes on the fact that leadership is inheritable, the skills theory points out that individuals can work hard towards the establishment of skills needed in order to be good leaders (Marquis and Huston, 2008). In health care leadership, skills are often learned in the practice. Practitioners have to undergo significant skills training in order to be good leaders. They are not born knowing the applications in the health practice. Issues with this leadership theory come from the fact that there is a vague line between trait and skills theory. The establishment of various sk ills are based on personal traits (Johnson, 2009). For instance, social judgment and human skills are easier to establish for individuals who are naturally extroverts. Moreover, general knowledge and the power to secure skills are based on one’s biological traits (Johnson, 2009). The skills mode also does not provide explanations on why and how these skills impact on leadership. Instead, this theory highlights more the importance of identifying skills which are essential for leadership (Rowitz, 2009). The situational theory of leadership is yet another form of leadership which can be applied in the health care practice. This type of leadership indicates that various situations call for different styles of leadership

Accreditation Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accreditation Analysis - Assignment Example The commission also works with institutions providing distance education programs. In contrast, the accrediting council for continuing education and training (ACCET) works with institutions that provide continuing education and vocational programs (ACCET, 2015). The institutions issue certificates or occupational associate degrees. The accreditation of technical training institutions is important because students are required to work in critical sectors such as construction and energy (Natarajan, 2000). In addition, it also caters for those who provide higher education services through distance education. The two accreditation bodies have been selected because they are both involved in regulating the education sector at the national level. The education sector is important because it is responsible for the creation of a skilled workforce. The private sector and other stakeholders are investing in addressing the educational challenges in the country. Consequently, the two organizations ensure that their interventions do not undermine the quality of education in the country. In addition, they ensure that institutions have rules that enhance the integrity of the learning process. For instance, schools are expected to have academic practices such as rules against plagiarism (Bretag, 2013). In addition, they should ensure that the students are aware of their academic and behavioral obligations (Mahmud & Bretag, 2013). The quality of education is important especially in critical industries such as healthcare. The patient outcomes are determined by the quality of training that the students have received at school (Alkheizenan &Shaw, 2011). ACCET accreditation is given to institutions that meet rigid criteria. Firstly, the institution must have a concise education program and methodology that would lead to expected training outcomes. The institution must also meet all the state licensing requirements. The

The media and the Democratic Convention in Chicago 1968 Research Paper

The media and the Democratic Convention in Chicago 1968 - Research Paper Example The younger generation was always tuned on to television for updates. On the other hand, the country election were around the corner as the situation on the ground worsened. The elections that followed could see the 36th President in office.2 Consequently, in August 1967, the Democratic Party had a task of selecting a new candidate to replace President Baines Johnson, who had announced in March that he was not going to seek reelection of presidency. Moreover, many contenders vied for the ticket and included Johns vice president, former Senator Hubert Humprey, Robert Kennedy a New York senator but, unfortunately, was shot in Los Angeles hotel. The others were the South Dakota Senator George Mc Govern, who supporters of Kennedy had allegiance in and the Minnesota senator Eugene Mc Carthy who was an antiwar candidate who college students campaigned for from door to door. Rumors also spread that Kennedy’s younger brother was also entering the race even until the date of the convention but he did not.3 In August 1968, Humphrey was the likely winner of the Democratic ticket. Additionally, the convention had two objectives; one was to get the representative of the party in the November elections and the platform which could be used to run. Many questions came up whether the democrats could support the Vietnam War or adopt the plan advocated by McCarthy.4 Despite the different opinions coming from the delegates in relation to antiwar, the vice-president got more than 1000 votes to secure the ticket for the Democratic Party on August28. 5 Nineteen sixty-eight was a year with many problems in the city of Chicago. Chicago was a great and respected American city but in this year, it was far much behind than the rest. Following the assassination of Dr. King, race riots broke out in Chicago, and the police officers responded with a brutal violence. As Major Daley made orders on the â€Å"shoot to kill†, it changed the mythic proportion of

Strategic management leadership strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management leadership strategy - Essay Example An organizational change that leads to a more organic and flexible environment would be related strongly to the entrepreneurial spirit. This means that there must be an adjustment away from the traditional school of top-down management that seeks out new talent and innovation to maintain a strong level of competition (Timmons 2004). The importance of entrepreneurial management strategy also relates to the need to incorporate unique skill sets and knowledge management into the corporate environment (Rigsby and Greco 2003). Very often, companies require employees to work long hours, and yet remain flexible in the evolution and growth of the company (Rigsby and Greco 2003, Timmons 2004). This often has an effect on the balance between work and life for the employee, and difficulties often arise when employees do not embrace excitement, innovation and opportunity, the essence of the entrepreneurial spirit (Rigsby and Greco 2003, Timmons 2004). Another issue with traditional top-down mana gement is that it very often imposes restrictions on creativity. An overabundance of policies will not enhance change management, but instead can stifle it and, possibly, be counteractive to the empowerment and encouragement of employees (Rigsby and Greco 2003). Motivating change requires that the people within the organization understand and commit to the change; creating vision in employees is a continuation of commitment where employees know where they fit into that change; developing political support means that stakeholders-from employees to HR professionals-have been assessed according to their place and function in the change; managing the transition must be set by parameters and adequate available technology as well as an understanding employee wide of how the parameters and technology work towards the goals. The momentum of leadership in change management is sustained by "(1) providing resources for change, (2) building a support system for the agents of change (3) developing related competencies and skills among those charged with administering and using the modified process and (4) reinforcing new behaviors called for by the changed environment" (Dreher and Doherty p 17 2001). Assumptions Change management is not without its assumptions. Organizational change management strategies that rely on the theories may not fully examine their own nature and culture. Most management theories assume that change management is a process and not a continuous improvement event (McKelvey and Holmen 2006). This is strongly relative to the idea of leadership, rather than management. Management is a process that organizes and implements, where leadership is an idea that presents and motivates. In the face of business and organizational changes, it is important that both paradigms exist, but as noted by McKelvey and Holmen (2006), leadership is often overlooked in management strategy. To understand the manners in which good managers can lead the organization members through business changes and

Eddie Murphy Essay Example for Free

Eddie Murphy Essay While pondering the question of what I should write my paper on I was flipping through the channels on the television. As I scrolled through I stopped on the movie The Nutty Professor. The actor that I love and am impressed by in this movie is non other than Eddie Murphy. Mr. Murphy is a comedian and professional actor that is very well known and very well respected. With this paper I hope to tell about the life and the professional aspects of this amazing actor. Edward Regan Murphy was born April 3rd, 1961 in Brooklyn, New York. In his early years he grew up in the projects of Bushwick. His father, Charles, was a police officer in New York and was also an amateur comedian. His mother, Lillian, was a telephone operator and divorced Eddies father when he was three. Charles was not only Eddies fathers name, but his older brothers name as well. Charlie Murphy is two years older than Eddie, and is also a comedian. Murphy was not the brightest crayon in the box when it came to school, but he had excellent verbal skills. By age 15 he hosted a talent show at the Roosevelt Youth Center. He had stolen the show and became a fan favorite with his Al Green impersonation. Murphy developed a fever for a chance at show biz. He began to perform at local bars and clubs, and his grades started to slip dramatically. He was forced to repeat the 10th grade. Eddie got his head back on his shoulders and doubled down on his classes and eventually graduated a few months late. After graduation he enrolled himself in to Nassau Community College. He continued to do his shows at local clubs and venues until finally landing himself at the Comic Strip in New York City. At times he had called himself the disciple of the late Richard Pryor. Unlike all his comic idols, Eddie did not smoke or drink and had once said to Barbara Walters, I dont have to sniff cocaine to make me funny. (Biography 1) In 1980, Eddie tried out for the cast on the famous show Saturday Night Live. He tried out for the part six times and ended up on the show as an extra appearing in a few episodes. His break came when the producers realized they had four minutes of air time left and no material. Eddies stand up saved the show and was eventually brought back for the following season. In 1982, Murphy received a Grammy nomination for a live album of resh stand-up material called Eddie Murphy: Comedian. Also during 1982 at only 21-years-old Murphy starred along side Nick Nolte in the movie 48 Hours. This movie was a hit and grossed over $5 million in the first week it was released. In 1983, Paramount Pictures offered Murphy $25 million to take part in six pictures. Beverley Hills Cop was released in 1984. This was one of Murphys greatest performances of his career. The movie hit number 9 on the list of all time box office hits. Murphy was not only a comedian and an actor he was also a singer. He released his first album called How could it be? , in 1984. It was produced by the late Rick James who may be mostly known now because of Dave Chappelles famous line, Im Rick James Bitch. The single Party All the Time peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100. (Biography 2) A major film that boosted Murphys career was the romantic comedy Coming to America. This film was done in 1988. The film was a hit and grossed over $128 million in the US alone. This was the first film that demonstrated his comedic versatility by playing multiple characters within the film. This may have been the first film that Murphy had done this, but it for sure wouldnt be the last. In 1996, Murphy starred in a hit remake of the Jerry Lewis film The Nutty Professor. He earned a Golden Globe nomination and an Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy Horror Films Award for his role in the film. (Wikipedia) In May of 1997, Murphy gained some unwanted publicity. He was discovered at 4:45 AM in Los Angeles will a known transsexual prostitute. A spokesman for the actor maintained Murphy was just being a good Samaritan by offering the transsexual a ride. Murphy was not arrested for anything, but he became the butt of many transvestite jokes. (CNN) Eddie pushed aside the scandal and continued making movies. In 1998, he played the voice of Mushu the lizard in the Disney hit Mulan. During this same year he also starred in the remake of Dr. Doolittle. The movie the Nutty Professor II: The Klumps was released in the summer of 2000. Murphy again showed his comic versatility by featuring as all six lead characters. In 2001, Murphy again had landed two hit movies Dr. Doolittle 2 and the voice of the donkey in the hit movie Shrek. Murphy played an overwhelmed babysitter in Daddy Day Care which premiered in 2003. He revived Donkey and played in Shrek 2 back in 2004. In 2006, Murphy signed on for what may have been his most demanding film in his career. Murphy did a screen adaptation of the Broadway musical Dreamgirls, featuring Jennifer Hudson. His performance as soul singer James Thunder Early earned him a Golden Globe award and an Academy Award nomination. (Biography 3) In January of 2008, Murphy announced his split with film producer Tracey Edmonds. The couple married in Bora Bora on New Years Day of that year in front of 25 family members and friends. Murphy and his new wife planned to renew their vows on American soil after they found out the celebration wasnt legally binding. The second ceremony never took place, and the couple officially separated. (People Magazine) Murphy continues to work not only as a comedian and an actor, but as a film director, producer and a singer. His most recent work was Shrek Forever After. He again played the donkey in this movie when it was released May 21, 2010. Murphy is a co-star in Tower Heist, Brett Ratners heist movie that will be released November 4, 2011. This movie is being filmed as we speak. Future plans are in the air for a Beverly Hills Cop 4 which will supposedly not be done by producer Jerry Bruckheimer. (Wikipedia) My favorite thing about Eddie Murphy is his ability to play multiple characters in his movies. He is extremely talented and gifted. He has the ability to impersonate anyone with practice. Eddie does this as a tribute to his idol, Peter Sellers, who played multiple roles in Dr. Strangelove. The first multi-character film Murphy played in was Coming to America. He played the role of four different characters which were Prince Akeem Joffer, Clarence, Randy Watson, and Saul. The next film that Murphy would play multiple characters in was Vampires in Brooklyn. This was a horror film that was done by Wes Craven in 1995. In addition to playing the main character, Murphy also plays an alcoholic preacher and a foul-mouthed Italian gangster. The film that Murphy is most famous for his multiple character role is The Nutty Professor. In this movie he played the title role in two incarnations, plus his father, brother, mother, and grandmother. The use of makeup was very crucial in all these movies. Eddie also did a great job in changing his personality. Without knowledge that he plays multiple characters in all these movies, you wouldnt be able to tell that Murphy plays multiple roles. (Wikipedia) Murphy is mostly known for his acting roles, but rarely gets recognized for movies that he produces. Besides his comic stand ups that he has produced he as also helped produce major films such as The Nutty Professor(1996), Life(1999), Nutty Professor II: The Klumps(2000), and Norbit(2007). Murphy also starred, directed, and was a writer for the 1989 film Harlem Nights. Throughout Murphys career he has had his ups and his downs just like most actors. His work today has idolized millions. The man is a legend and will continue you to be one. At age 49 he is one of the most successful stars in Hollywood. Eddie Murphy is my hero and I will continue to watch him as long as he is around. Whether its by his foul language in the movie Life or the donkeys voice in Shrek I will continue to laugh because of Eddie Murphy.

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Example for Free

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Critical perspectives on crime differ from other perspectives in that they focus on ways people and institutions respond to crime and criminals. Critical perspectives are often called social reaction theories. The different theories covered under critical perspectives include Labeling theory, Conflict and radical theory and feminist theory. Labeling theory states that deviance is not the act itself that a person commits; a deviant label will lead us to be more deviant. Labeling theory is one of the most significant perspectives in the study of criminology. Amongst these theories is the labeling theory which is one of the most significant theories studied. Labeling theory adopts a relativist’s definition, by assuming that nothing about a given behavior automatically makes it deviant. While traditional theories accept the accuracy of official labeling such as the arrest and prosecution, Labeling theory challenges the view and says some people’s behavior is more likely to be labeled deviant than others. Conflict and Radical theories take up where labeling theory leaves off. They argue that law is only controlled by the powerful and that they are often preserved by the dominant, unlike traditional theories that promote the law and stress the positive aspects of it. One area inspired by feminist work is often called gender-ratio; it is the study of female rates is so much lower than male’s rates in violent crimes. Within the feminist theories we have victimization, differences in crimes, Gender Differences, Masculinity. A great deal of focus is spotlighted on masculinity of crimes. Researchers argue that in order to reduce crime men must be socialized more and male dominance must be illuminated. It was noted in Chapter 3 that we already do a good job of raising our girls not to be criminals, however how can we implement this into the masculine side of things. Masculinity and crime is the significant focus of the work of gender-ratio issues. The problem according to sociologists is that crime is essentially a male issue and we need to figure out how we get to it being much less of an issue. Most crimes against women are either produced as a crime against a weaker person or a crime because the criminal is the dominant one. It seems to be a double edge sword. Power-Control theory explains the level of female criminality by examining the gender process of families. It highlights the roles played by women and men in perspective to their class. Power Control theory looks at two primary sections, the first is Patriarchal households in which only the father works outside the home and the mother is left at home to care for the children. In this type of household boys learn the masculine roles and girls learn the feministic roles. The other is egalitarian, in which both the matriarch and patriarch works outside the home, therefore the guidance is not there to justify roles which tends to lead to delinquency in both gender children. Although most tests of Power control theory produce mixed results. Feministic theories show us just how unequal women are portrayed in law and society. The main issue with control theory is a mother’s occupational place vs. a father’s occupational place in the family. It focuses on the balance of power and control and how this affects the child’s preferences for risk taking. Criminal law divides murder and non-negligent manslaughter into four subgroups: first degree murder, second degree murder, voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter. Some of the patterns described in our book include geographic patterns in which is chronicled with data statistics. It focuses on the different regions and shows the highest statistics in the South, with the Northeast and Midwest being low to mid. According to data the highest weapon used in homicides are handguns at 68 % with knives and blunt objects at 13%. Researchers say that the south is the highest percentage of crime due to the high temperature and crowded urban areas. According to our book (P200) an adequate explanation of homicide and aggravated assault must answer the following questions: Why does the United States have a higher homicide rate than any other industrial nation? This is answered by research that provides data that the United States has more inequality than other nations and thus this pro duces more crime. There is a vast difference between the rich and the poor. The other reason or answer given to this is that in the United States more handguns are owned, and since handguns are the major cause of homicides, this also contributes to the higher rates. Within the United States, why are homicide and aggravated assault rates highest in the urban areas? This is best answered with Social  disorganization, anomie and strain theory help explain why crime in general is higher in urban areas; this includes higher populations, denser areas of habitation, household overcrowding as well as dilapidated living conditions. There is also a chance of higher unemployment rates. Why do men commit almost all homicides and aggravated assaults? The masculinity theories were brought up in chapter 9, but this question is answered as this seems to be shaped in adolescence and the need for boys to grow up stronger and better than women who are looked upon as less dominant. Poverty also interacts with masculinity, the competitiveness in families and social groups. Why do African-Americans and other people of color have high rates of homicides and aggravated assault, both as offenders and victims? This question is explained in similar ways to those above. It has been a question full of hard emotions and personal opinions. It could also be construed as a racist or stereotypical question. Because it is such a touchy subject most researchers go about it in explaining how minorities have criminogenic structural and ecological factors which cause their crime rate to be higher. There is social disorganization stress, the stress of being deprived and discriminated against. Also listed are negative family and school experiences along with the peer pressure from other deviant youths that are common in the urban areas. All of these factors separate may not have much effect, but together it proves to be the perfect combination to put African Americans, especially y oung African Americans at a higher risk for crime. For which two types of violent crime are women’s rates of victimization much higher than men’s victimization rates? At what rates are women victimized for these crimes? Describe cultural myths supporting rape and battering that are discussed in the text Rape/sexual assault and domestic violence/violence committed by intimates are at the top of the list for crimes committed against women more than men. (P220) Our book states that women represented 89% of all sexual assault crimes and 79% of aggravated assaults. Many of the cultural myths are involved in overseas and third world countries which see women as possessions or less than worth compared to a man. In India, as well as Pakistan Dowry deaths which claim the lives of thousands of women are committed daily. These deaths are sanctioned as legal or usually overseen by law enforcement with payment. Dowry deaths are committed against  a bride by either a husband or the husband’s family because the bride’s dowry was not paid as it was supposed to be. Wartime rape and batteries is also high in other countries and often overlooked in the judicial system. Some of the myths involved in these victimizations include women â€Å"like† to be raped or they â€Å"ask† to be raped. Our book uses the opening scene in Gone With the Wind to express one of the many portrayals of women enjoying being sexually assaulted , she is whisked up-stairs against her will, and then is shown with a smile on her face in the morning. The other myth is that women ask to be raped by the way they dress or how they behave. This has been an excuse used by many, even today. The blame does not go on the abuser in these cases but looks at how the woman was behaving prior to the sexual assault. For domestic violence and assaults the women is again said to have â€Å"asked† for the beating by antagonizing the abuser. The woman is blamed for saying or doing something to anger the male and therefore deserved the beating or abuse they received. Women are also blamed because they do not leave the abuser when they have a chance to leave, nor do they press charges when they often have the chance to. Women normally do not leave abusive spouses because they are often the sole providers, women have children and often no money to leave or pay for housing anywhere or legal fees to divorce or put restraining orders on abusers.